In the world of modern engineering, Linux and Shell Scripting form the foundation of system control and automation.

The command line gives unmatched flexibility — whether it’s navigating directories, editing files, monitoring performance, managing permissions, or controlling services. These fundamentals build the confidence to operate systems smoothly and efficiently.

Shell scripting adds even more power by making everyday operations automated and error-free. Variables, loops, conditions, cron jobs, and I/O redirection help convert manual tasks into reliable scripts that save time and reduce effort.

For developers, sysadmins, and DevOps engineers, this combination isn’t just useful — it’s essential.

Linux & Shell Scripting Overview

Linux is an open-source, Unix-like kernel designed for multi-user, multitasking operations. The Shell is the command interpreter, accessed via the Terminal.

• Navigation: Use ls to list contents, cd to change directories, and pwd to show the current path.
• File Management: Key commands include touch (create/update files), cp (copy files/directories), mv (move/rename), rm (remove files), and cat (display contents).
• Text Tools: Vi/Vim are modal editors, and Nano is a simple, user-friendly editor.
• Text Processing: Use grep to search patterns, find to locate files, and cut, awk, or sed for data filtering and transformation.
• Networking: curl and wget handle network data transfer and downloads.

System Management & Security

System health, user access, and resource control are managed via specific commands and permissions.

• Permissions: File permissions control access for the Owner, Group, and Others. Permissions include Read (r), Write (w), and Execute (x). Change them using chmod (symbolic or numeric methods) or change ownership using chown.
• Privilege: sudo allows non-root users to execute commands with temporary superuser privileges.
• System Monitoring: Tools like ps, top, and htop monitor running processes; df and du check disk space.
• Process Control: Terminate processes using kill, killall, or pkill.
• Archiving: Use tar to archive files and gzip or zip for compression.

Automation with Bash Scripting

Bash scripts automate sequential commands and complex workflows.

• Structure: Scripts start with #!/bin/bash and require execute permission (chmod +x).
• Logic: Use variables (e.g., name="Gaurav"), perform arithmetic using $((...)), and handle flow control with conditional statements (if, elif, else) and loops (for, while, until).
• Input/Output: Read user input with read and handle output/error streams with I/O Redirection (e.g., > for overwrite, | for piping).

System Services & Database Ops

• Service Management: systemctl manages systemd services (start, stop, status).
• Job Scheduling: cron is used for recurring tasks, defined by the crontab syntax (minute, hour, day, month, weekday).
• Logging: View systemd logs with journalctl and use logrotate to manage old log files.
• Databases: Commands like pg_dump for PostgreSQL and mysqldump for MySQL are used for backup.

Read more: https://sharajman.com/blogs/automation-testing-challenges-and-how-to-solve-them/